De Quervain Tenosynovitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Recovery
By Shikin Fadzullah & Irairawan
In our ongoing injury management and recovery series, we focus on common injuries, their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Today, we’re diving into De Quervain Tenosynovitis. We'll explore what it is, how it occurs, and strategies for managing it effectively. Whether you're aiming to stay active, recover fully, or prevent future injuries, this guide is here to help.
What is De Quervain Tenosynovitis?
De Quervain Tenosynovitis is a painful condition affecting the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist. It occurs when the tendons running along the wrist and lower thumb become irritated or inflamed, leading to pain and difficulty in thumb and wrist movements. The condition is common in individuals who engage in repetitive hand and wrist motions, such as lifting, gripping, or twisting.
What Causes De Quervain Tenosynovitis?
De Quervain Tenosynovitis is primarily caused by repetitive movements and overuse of the wrist and thumb. Activities such as repetitive lifting of objects, particularly infants, are common contributors to this condition, making it prevalent among new parents. Excessive smartphone use and frequent texting can also strain the wrist and thumb tendons. Previous wrist injuries or inflammatory conditions such as arthritis may also predispose individuals to develop De Quervain Tenosynovitis. Specific positions that contribute to the condition include:
Frequent thumb extension and abduction: moving the thumb away from the palm repeatedly, such as gripping a smartphone.
Sustained wrist flexion or deviation: bending the wrist downward or sideways while using tools, typing, or holding objects for prolonged periods.
Forceful grasping and pinching: such as wringing clothes or using scissors and garden tools.
Signs and Symptoms
Common symptoms of De Quervain Tenosynovitis include (but are not limited to):
Pain and tenderness at the base of the thumb, which may extend into the wrist and forearm.
Swelling near the thumb side of the wrist.
A catching or snapping sensation when moving the thumb.
Difficulty pinching or grasping objects.
Increased pain when turning the wrist or making a fist.
Managing De Quervain Tenosynovitis
Recovery from a De Quervain Tenosynovitis involves rest, targeted care, and progressive rehabilitation. Here are some key strategies to support a smooth recovery.
Rest and Pain Management:
Activity Modification: Reduce or avoid repetitive wrist and thumb movements that aggravate the condition.
Ice Therapy: Apply ice packs for 15–20 minutes every 2–3 hours to reduce swelling.
Immobilisation: Use a thumb splint or a brace to support the affected area and prevent further strain. Immobilisation may be required for a few weeks, depending on the severity of the condition.
Exercises
Gentle Mobility Exercise (Wrist Circles)
The primary goal of rehabilitation is improving function while preventing stiffness. Gentle mobility exercises can enhance thumb and wrist flexibility.
Instructions: Slowly rotate your wrist in small circles to promote movement without strain. Perform 10–15 repetitions for 1–2 sets.
Thumb Strengthening Exercise (Thumb Extension with Rubber Band)
This exercise helps improve finger dexterity and strength.
Instructions: Place a rubber band around your fingers and thumb, then slowly extend your thumb outward against resistance. Perform 10–15 repetitions for 1–2 sets.
Strengthening Exercise (Wrist and Hand Ball Squeeze)
This exercise specifically targets building strength and endurance in the thumb.
Instructions: Take a soft rubber ball and place it in the palm of your hand. Slowly squeeze the ball for 3 seconds and release it. Attempt 1-2 sets of 15 repetitions.
Gradual Return to Activity
Once the pain subsides, slowly reintroduce hand-dependent activities. Start with light tasks, gradually increase intensity, and avoid sudden or excessive movements that could trigger symptoms again.
Prevention Strategies
Reducing the risk of De Quervain Tenosynovitis involves proactive measures:
Modify Hand Movement: Use ergonomic tools or adjust hand positions to reduce strains.
Strengthen Hand and Wrist Muscles: Regular hand and wrist exercises can enhance endurance and prevent overuse injuries.
Take Breaks: Avoid prolonged repetitive motions by incorporating breaks during activities.
Use Supportive Equipment: Wrist braces or ergonomic keyboards can help reduce excessive stress on the tendons.
Conclusion
Recovering from De Quervain Tenosynovitis requires patience and a structured rehabilitation plan. Prioritising rest, engaging in progressive exercises, and taking preventive measures will help restore wrist and thumb function while minimising the risk of future injuries. By listening to your body and seeking professional guidance when needed, you can safely return to your daily activities and sports with confidence.
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